Glossary of DPP terms

DPP — Digital Product Passport

A structured digital record with key information about a product — composition, origin, carbon footprint, repair and recycling instructions — accessible via a data carrier (QR code). See the DPP page.

ESPR — Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation

The EU framework law (Regulation (EU) 2024/1781) that introduces the Digital Product Passport requirement product group by product group through delegated acts. See the ESPR page.

CPR — Construction Products Regulation

Regulation (EU) 2024/3110 for construction products, introducing environmental-performance declarations and a DPP for construction materials. See the CPR page.

CBAM — Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism

The EU's carbon levy on imports of carbon-intensive goods (steel, aluminium, cement, etc.). Its carbon-footprint data overlaps with the DPP. See the CBAM page.

EPR — Extended Producer Responsibility

The principle that the producer remains responsible for a product after use too — for its collection, treatment and recycling.

Full explanation: EPR — extended producer responsibility

Battery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542

The first product group with a mandatory passport — the 'battery passport' applies from 18 February 2027. See the Battery Regulation page.

PPWR — Packaging Regulation

Regulation (EU) 2025/40 on packaging and packaging waste: recyclability, recycled content and harmonised labelling. See the packaging page.

CRMA — Critical Raw Materials Act

Regulation (EU) 2024/1252 for a secure and sustainable supply of critical raw materials — lithium, cobalt, rare earths. See the critical raw materials page.

Toy Safety Regulation

Regulation (EU) 2025/2509 — stricter chemical rules and a mandatory DPP for every toy. See the toys page.

Detergents Regulation

Regulation (EU) 2026/405 — a digital label and new rules for laundry and cleaning products. See the detergents page.

Data carrier

The physical element on the product, packaging or documentation (usually a QR code) that leads to the Digital Product Passport.

Unique identifier

A persistent code that uniquely identifies the product and links it to its passport in the registry.

GTIN — Global Trade Item Number

GS1's international identification standard (the barcode behind a product), used as part of the identification in a DPP.

Full explanation: GTIN — Global Trade Item Number

EORI number

The Economic Operators Registration and Identification number for customs purposes in the EU — part of the importer's data in the passport.

Full explanation: EORI number

Commodity code (TARIC)

The customs classification of the goods. Stored in the registry for products intended for release for free circulation.

State of Health

The set of parameters for a battery's remaining capacity and condition. It determines suitability for second-life use or recycling. See DPP for batteries.

Due diligence

The obligation to verify the origin and impact of raw materials and the supply chain — especially for critical raw materials such as cobalt and lithium.

Granularity (model / batch / item)

The level at which the passport is issued. See the article Model, batch or item.

Harmonised standards (EN 18216–18223)

The European technical standards for DPP (identifiers, data carriers, exchange, storage, APIs, interoperability). Following them gives a presumption of conformity. See the technical-standards page.

Full explanation: DPP harmonised standards (EN 18216–18223)

EU registry

The central index of every digital passport on the EU market; on registration it returns a unique registration identifier. See the registry article.

Semantic repository

The authoritative, machine-readable source for the data models, vocabularies and definitions that every passport must follow.

Proof of registration

A secure electronic document proving the passport is registered. Valid for 90 days, with the option to regenerate.